A Short History of The Hudson Bay Company

A Short History of The Hudson Bay Company

This article relates to The Last Gentleman Adventurer

The Hudson's Bay Company is still very much in existence, but with 500 retail outlets spread across Canada this department store retailer has come a long way from its beginnings in 1670 when King Charles II of Britain granted the lands of the Hudson Bay watershed to "the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson Bay".

During its first century of operation the Hudson's Bay Company established outposts around the shores of James and Hudson Bays, where natives brought furs to barter for manufactured goods such as knives, kettles, beads, needles and blankets. However, by the late 1700s competition was hotting up and they were forced to expand into the interior with a string of outposts along the great river networks, foreshadowing the modern cities that would succeed them: Winnipeg, Calgary and Edmonton. Mergers and expansions followed, and by the 1820s the Hudson's Bay Company's reach spanned the continent.

By the end of the 19th century things were changing; fashion tastes caused the fur trade to lose some of its importance, and the California Gold Rush introduced a new clientele - one that shopped with cash, instead of skins. In 1869 the company yielded sovereignty of its lands to the newly formed country of Canada (which became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown), and focused on converting its trading posts into stores. However, intrepid souls were still needed for the hard to reach outposts for many decades to come!

Today, (according to their website) the Hbc Family of Stores (The Bay, Zellers, Home Outfitters and DealsOutlet.ca) provide more than two-thirds of the retail needs of Canadians.

Filed under Cultural Curiosities

This "beyond the book article" relates to The Last Gentleman Adventurer. It originally ran in November 2005 and has been updated for the November 2006 paperback edition. Go to magazine.

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