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This article relates to The Hakawati
Once upon a time, not terribly long ago, hakawatis, or storytellers, were
commonplace fixtures on Middle Eastern streets. As coffee-drinking gained
popularity in Ottoman times, the hakawatis moved from the streets into the
coffee houses. Hakawatis were paid by the owners of the coffee houses to draw
customers, and the best could also expect tips from their audience. Hakawatis
were known for their dramatic performances, and were consummate entertainers.
The rise of radio and television brought the demise of this ancient Arab
tradition of public storytelling, and hakawatis all but disappeared from the
Middle East by the 1970's.
Listen to an NPR interview with the last full-time hakawati in the Syrian
capital of Damascus.
Hakawatis often worked from a text, improvising, embellishing, and adapting to
their audience. A Thousand and One Nights (also known as Arabian
Nights) served as the source for many hakawatis, and their tellings helped
to shape those legendary tales. Collected over thousands of years, A Thousand
and One Nights has nearly as many, if not more, authors and origins. Its
roots can be traced back to Persia, India, Baghdad, and Egypt, dating as far
back as the 10th century. An ever-evolving collection of tales, the original
manuscript has never been found, but the oldest extant manuscript is a Syrian
version - called the
Mahdi edition from the 1300's, now found in the Bibliotheque Nationale in
Paris. The many tellings and translations of the Nights vary wildly both in
content and style, but nearly all unfold in the same way, in that one story
evokes another, and all versions revolve around the famed central story of
Scheherazade, in which she saves herself from execution by regaling King
Shahryar with an endless series of (or 1001) tales.
The Nights was first introduced in Europe in the early 18th century in a
French translation by Antoine Galland, and included several tales not found in
the Arabic source text, including "Aladdin's Lamp" and "Ali Baba and the Forty
Thieves", which Galland claimed to have heard from a Syrian storyteller. English
translations followed, many abridged, embellished, and bowdlerized. Hussain
Haddawy translated the most recent English edition in 1990, from the definitive
14th-century Arabic edition - the Mahdi edition - which is considered to be the
most authentic.
Several classic translations of the tales can be found at
Wollamshram
World.
Filed under Cultural Curiosities
This "beyond the book article" relates to The Hakawati. It originally ran in May 2008 and has been updated for the June 2009 paperback edition. Go to magazine.
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