The BookBrowse Review

Published December 4, 2024

ISSN: 1930-0018

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Clear
Clear
A Novel
by Carys Davies

Hardcover (2 Apr 2024), 208 pages.
Publisher: Scribner
ISBN-13: 9781668030660
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A stunning, exquisite novel from an award-winning writer about a minister dispatched to a remote island off of Scotland to "clear" the last remaining inhabitant, who has no intention of leaving—an unforgettable tale of resilience, change, and hope.

John, an impoverished Scottish minister, has accepted a job evicting the lone remaining occupant of an island north of Scotland—Ivar, who has been living alone for decades, with only the animals and the sea for company. Though his wife, Mary, has serious misgivings about the errand, he decides to go anyway, setting in motion a chain of events that neither he nor Mary could have predicted.

Shortly after John reaches the island, he falls down a cliff and is found, unconscious and badly injured, by Ivar who takes him home and tends to his wounds. The two men do not speak a common language, but as John builds a dictionary of Ivar's world, they learn to communicate and, as Ivar sees himself for the first time in decades reflected through the eyes of another person, they build a fragile, unusual connection.

Unfolding in the 1840s in the final stages of the infamous Scottish Clearances—which saw whole communities of the rural poor driven off the land in a relentless program of forced evictions—this singular, beautiful, deeply surprising novel explores the differences and connections between us, the way history shapes our deepest convictions, and how the human spirit can survive despite all odds. Moving and unpredictable, sensitive and spellbinding, Clear is a profound and pleasurable read.

Excerpted from Clear by Carys Davies. Copyright © 2024 by Carys Davies. Excerpted by permission of Scribner. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.

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Please be aware that this discussion guide will contain spoilers!

  1. Which of the three main characters, John, Ivar, and Mary, do you sympathise with most?
  2. All three face challenging predicaments. How much choice do any of them have?
  3. What do you make of the title?
  4. What part do the landscape and weather play in the novel?
  5. Clear is set at time of great social and religious turmoil. Does this story of clearances and a schism in the Protestant church seem remote, or do you see parallels with what's happening in the world today?
  6. What do you think Mary's attitude to religion is?
  7. If you could take a couple of Norn words and introduce them into the English lang to fill gaps, which would you choose?
  8. Near the end of the book Mary says, 'You never knew in advance if a decision was the right one. All you could do was try to imagine a future and use that to help make up your mind in a difficult situation, and if you couldn't imagine the future, well, you had to make up your mind anyway.' What do you think – and what do you hope – will happen to John, Ivar and Mary after the last page of the book?

 

Unless otherwise stated, this discussion guide is reprinted with the permission of Scribner. Any page references refer to a USA edition of the book, usually the trade paperback version, and may vary in other editions.

A minister in 1840s Scotland sails to a remote island to evict its last remaining inhabitant in the exquisite new novel from Carys Davies.

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John Ferguson is a principled man. But when, in 1843, those principles drive him to break from the established Church of Scotland, the evangelical minister soon finds himself a poor man, too. Stripped of his income, worried how he'll provide for his wife, he puts scruples aside and agrees to a lucrative but dubious mission: to sail north—armed with a pistol—and "clear" Ivar, the last remaining tenant of a forgotten island halfway between Shetland and Norway.

Ivar has lived alone for decades; the Highland Clearances (see Beyond the Book), a series of mass evictions that began a century earlier, have already forced his family from the land. But if Scottish history would have him for another victim, Clear deftly upends the usual narrative. Soon after arrival, John slips on the craggy coastline; Ivar, discovering his unconscious body, takes it upon himself to patch the minister up. In the sudden intimacy of the crofter's bothy (hut)—evoked by Davies with a tenderness as touching as it is unexpected—the difference in the men's power evaporates. They speak no common tongue, but the spark of a connection disarms them both; slowly, as the minister convalesces, each begins to decipher the other, one translated word at a time.

An obsession with language drives this slim yet gripping novel. Ivar speaks Norn, an island relative of Danish and Norwegian on the brink of extinction. To John, it's a language uniquely suited to the unforgiving surroundings; what he would call simply "a rough sea," Ivar terms "skreul," "pulter," or "yog," depending on the peculiarities of the roughness. For the Highlander—who hasn't even set eyes on another human in years—to speak and be understood by John is something close to magic: it "connect[s] their lives in the strongest possible way." Yet as the friendship deepens, so much of Clear's fascination springs from the unspoken. John's mission is never far from his thoughts. The hidden eviction notice, not to mention the pistol to enforce it, lies between the two men like an untranslatable phrase.

Language is an apt theme for an author who wields it so masterfully. Clear's chapters, each a brief, poetic vignette, are lessons in what can be achieved with spare, finely-wrought sentences. Davies is a writer with a painter's sensibility. Like the best landscape paintings, her scenes are precise in their detail and expansive in their scope; and like the best landscape painters, she has a rare sensitivity to the natural world. The prose is exquisitely earthy, her pen clearly at home digging through the peat bogs and limpet-crusted rock pools of the Northern Isles. Rain, when it falls, does so in "big, coarse drops, melting the soil into a soft brown soup"; the cold wind in its wake blows "low over the ground, making the bogs shiver." Beauty is found on every page, and rarely is a word wasted.

Less graceful, however, is the handling of history. Between the Clearances and Church schism, Davies arguably takes on more of the 19th century than her short novel can handle, and it's frustrating to see unwieldy exposition clip the wings of a writer who's already proved herself so majestic in full flight. Some finer points come to feel even more superfluous given the turns Clear takes in its final quarter. Disappointingly, those carefully assembled tensions which made the premise so compelling—how Ivar will react to his eviction and how John will see it through with his soul intact—go slack once the novel starts pulling at other concerns. That's not to say Davies's ending isn't timely or affecting, only that it arrives like the answer to a question never asked.

But these are minor quibbles about Clear's major achievements. With precision and lyricism, Davies has crafted a gentle, poignant drama. Great forces of history may convulse the mainland, but the soul of this beautiful novel curls around the hearth of the island bothy. At its core, Clear is that: two men, alone together, discovering the quiet miracle of human connection.

Reviewed by Alex Russell

Vogue
[A] gripping novel from Welsh novelist Carys Davis, Clear...feels a bit like a thriller set against a history lesson rendered fantastically vivid...raising questions of belonging, ownership, and how we forge the bonds between people and place that are really durable.

Times (London)
[Davies] writes epics in miniature…a tender, humane book.

Booklist (starred review)
Spare and beautiful…A concise and haunting novel of souls anchored to the consequences of willfully circumscribed lives.

Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
With her characteristically buoyant prose and brisk sense of plotting, Davies crafts a humane tale about individuals struggling to maintain dignity beneath competing systems of disenfranchisement...A deft and graceful yarn about language, love, and rebellion against the inhumane forces of history.

Publishers Weekly (starred review)
A minister's conscience is tested in the perceptive and beautiful latest from Davies...[she] cranks a great deal of tension into the economical plot...[E]ach page blooms with wondrous descriptions of the untamed highlands...This is divine.

Author Blurb Annie Proulx, author of Barkskins
This intriguing and inventive story escorts the reader to an unexpectedly joyous ending that hints at our contemporary interest in new ideas of what a family might be. The writing style is one of clarity and reserved sensibility punctuated with an end-game needle jab. Not to be missed.

Author Blurb Anthony Doerr, author of All the Light We Cannot See and Cloud Cuckoo Land
Clear is a compact, taut and brilliant novel with an ingenious premise: one man is sent to evict another from his land, but suddenly requires the second man's aid. Everything gets more complicated from there. The book is about belonging, a dying language, secrets, and a pistol in a box. I loved every page.

Author Blurb Hernan Diaz, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Trust and In the Distance
The sheer beauty of Clear—with its perfect sentences, its austere tenderness, and its quiet sense of disquiet—feels timeless ... A poignant, profound depiction of both solitude and connection. Carys Davies has written a masterful, discreetly sublime book.

Write your own review

Rated 5 out of 5 by Cathryn Conroy
A Polished and Eloquent Novel with a Most Unexpected Ending That Hit Me Like a Thunderbolt
This is a perceptive, emotionally powerful novel about the agonies of change, the depths of our humanity, and the transformative power of love. And the ending? It hit me like a thunderbolt.

Masterfully written by Carys Davies, this is the story of The Rev. John Ferguson and his new wife, Mary. Although they are in their 40s, they only recently wed. The novel takes place in the wilds of Scotland in 1843 when two big events in the history of that country collide: The Great Disruption in the Scottish Church when more than 400 ministers, including the fictional John Ferguson, rebelled against the traditional Presbyterian church and broke away to form the new Free Church. In the process they gave up a way to earn a living, having to now start a new church from nothing. In addition, wealthy Scottish landowners who owned vast swaths of rural lands were forcibly evicting and displacing the longstanding residents so they could use the land for sheep. This was called the Clearances.

When John is unable to make a living as a minister, he accepts a one-time job to travel to a remote island in the far north of Scotland to evict the last remaining resident there. It's a long and arduous journey by boat, and John is greatly troubled with seasickness and fear of the water. Complicating matters, the man who lives on the island speaks only the old language, called Norn, and does not understand English. Traveling with minimal possessions, along with a gun and ammunition, John lands on the island. He finds a dilapidated cottage in which to live, and goes out exploring. He has a terrible accident, but his life is saved by the man, who is named Ivar. He is big, smelly, and quiet. And Ivar is not used to sharing his world with anyone else.

Now John is in a terrible conundrum: He must clear out Ivar, evicting him from the only home he has ever known. How can he do it? What always seemed to be a difficult task now seems impossible. Meanwhile, Ivar, who has lived in solitude for years, must integrate his life with another human being and try to understand all the confusion and joy that he feels. The power of the story is in the friendship John and Ivar form even though they can't communicate well in words.

Bonus: John valiantly attempts to learn Ivar's language, and Welsh author Carys Davies magnificently brings some of the strange words to life, including in a glossary at the end. A language and culture lost to time have a bit of a resurgence in this creative story.

This is a polished and eloquent novel with a most unexpected ending that I never saw coming.

Rated 5 out of 5 by Gloria M
Succinct and Special!
After reading the ARC of "Clear" so generously supplied by Simon and Schuster (Scribner) there is a new author on my favorites list-Carys Davies. Succinct and special, this novel eloquently and masterfully tells the tale of John Ferguson, a minister who is in financial straits due to his leaving his position with the established church of Scotland for the newly formed Free Church of Scotland and Ivar, the last remaining tenant of an island whose owners wish it to be completely cleared of humans and animals, so that they can proceed with a money making scheme involving sheep.

The eloquently written portraits of these two men, strangers who do not even speak the same language, and the beautiful descriptions of the landscapes traveled draw the reader into a narrative that slowly reveals their personalities and tragedies from their pasts and takes a journey into their unlikely friendship precipitated by an awful accident that befalls John in his attempt to earn some desperately needed funds as he traverses the island in search of the man he must evict.

Add to the plucky protagonists, Mary-John's loving wife, who bravely chooses to follow her husband's path when it becomes clear he must be in some sort of danger. Her journey is just as important and equally well crafted. This novel has a powerful ending and is ideal for lovers of historical fiction and those who favor literary fiction. Grab a copy and prepare to be enthralled!

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The Highland Clearances

Photo of the Emigrants statue, commemorating Highlands and Islands people who left Scotland in the Clearances and depicting a kilted father and son advancing while the mother looks back, with dark cloudy sky and green slopes visible in background In Clear, the third novel from Carys Davies, an impoverished presbyterian minister reluctantly takes part in the Highland Clearances, a series of mass evictions that took place in the north of Scotland between 1750 and 1850, driven in part by the restructuring of British society during the Industrial Revolution and the collapse of the traditional clan system that had for centuries governed Highland life. The impact on Scotland was profound—and the aftershocks still felt to this day. As the historian Tom Devine has written, the events have become "firmly embedded in the cultural identity of the nation."

The Clearances broadly took place over two waves. During the first, which lasted from around 1750 to 1815, Highland landowners decided to take individual crofts—small plots of arable land held in tenancy—and combine them into larger, more profitable sheep farms. Loath to give up the cheap labor of crofting communities that had for generations farmed the land, landlords rehoused many tenants on the coast. Once there, Highlanders were encouraged to take up fishing and kelping, two industries in which they often had no knowledge or expertise.

The second wave of the Clearances began in the 1820s and is associated with a series of market crashes, widespread famines, and outbreaks of cholera. Faced with starvation and death, many families finally chose to emigrate abroad or move to the new urban centers in the south. Landlords too began to favor emigration for their tenants, no longer seeing a financial benefit in supporting them through years of hardship. While some crofters were offered and accepted economic incentives to leave, others were violently evicted. In Sutherland, site of the most infamous evictions, women and children were chased from the land as their homes were set on fire.

Given the cruelty with which some evictions were carried out—not to mention the undeniable racism against the Gaelic population which was used as a justification for that cruelty—the Clearances eventually became a cause célèbre in the south. Even Karl Marx, then living in London, took an active interest. Throughout the 1850s, he decried the wealthy landowners who pursued "the ruin and […] expropriation of the Scotch-Gaelic population from its native soil."

An act of parliament assured remaining crofters security of tenure in 1886. In 1963 the events of the Clearances resurfaced with the publication of John Prebble's hugely successful history, The Highland Clearances. A former member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, Prebble shared Marx's view; in his retelling, the story of the Clearances was one of callous profit, where clan chiefs leaped at the chance to sacrifice their people in the name of self-enrichment.

To this day, The Highland Clearances remains, according to the Guardian, "the most popular Scottish history book ever written." Prebble has had enormous influence on how Scots themselves interpret this period of their history—to the extent that any deviation from his account can be controversial. But despite capturing the public imagination, the simplicity of the story Prebble tells has long been challenged in academic circles, such as by the historian Tom Devine, who in his 2018 study, The Scottish Clearances, looks beyond avarice as the sole motivating factor for the Clearances and contextualizes the widespread coercion and expulsion that took place within the shifting economic factors of the time.

The history of the Highland Clearances is still being written and its uncomfortable legacy still being processed. Artistic interpretations like Carys Davies's Clear play a valuable role, and it's no coincidence that some of the best works of Scottish literature—Neil Gunn's Butcher's Broom, for example, or Iain Crichton Smith's Consider the Lilies—wrestle with them. Highland communities and Highland culture never recovered from the Clearances, at least not in Scotland. There are more descendants of crofters in America and Australasia than in their homeland. The Highland glens remain largely empty, the people outnumbered by sheep to this day.

The Emigrants statue at Helmsdale, Sutherland in Scotland
Photo by Dave Conner (CC BY 2.0)

Filed under People, Eras & Events

By Alex Russell

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