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What Parents and Teachers Need to Know about the Emerging Science of Sex Differences
by Leonard SaxFrom the book jacket: Are boys and girls really that different? Twenty
years ago, doctors and researchers didnt think so. Back then, most experts
believed that differences in how girls and boys behave are mainly due to
differences in how they were treated by their parents, teachers, and friends.
It's hard to cling to that belief today. An avalanche of research over the past
twenty years has shown that sex differences are more significant and profound
than anybody guessed. Sex differences are real, biologically programmed, and
important to how children are raised, disciplined, and educated.
In Why Gender Matters, psychologist and family physician Dr. Leonard Sax
leads parents through the mystifying world of gender differences by explaining
the biologically different ways in which children think, feel, and act. He
addresses a host of issues, including discipline, learning, risk taking,
aggression, sex, and drugs, and shows how boys and girls react in predictable
ways to different situations.
Comment: If you read Time Magazine you may remember this book from a
cover story on gender differences that ran in March 2005. Sax's opinion
(always backed up by data) is that girls and boys are innately different and the
effect of 'gender neutral' education benefits neither and actually reinforces
gender stereotypes.
My only criticism of this book is that Sax is very definitive in his opinions. There are exceptions to every rule but he doesn't give much, if any space, to discussing these. Having said that, when the pendulum of opinion has swung so firmly in favor of gender neutral co-ed public education (to the point that in most states single-sex education isn't even on the table for discussion) it takes someone who feels as strongly as Sax to push the balance back, even a little.
From kindergarten through to high-school Sax makes compelling points for
single-sex education. Here are just a few examples:
A seven-year-old girl is likely to have hearing that is 2-4 times as acute as a
seven-year-old boy - so the tone of voice that is comfortable for a female
teacher to speak at simply may not be audible to the boys sitting at the back of
the class, or maybe at a level where it is just plain boring to listen to. Conversely, the constant tap-tap-tapping and fidgeting of a boy having trouble sitting still will be easily filtered out by the other boys, but is likely to be a substantial distraction to the girls.
Girls tend to be excessively critical in evaluating their own academic
performance. Conversely, boys tend to have unrealistically high estimates of
their own academic abilities and accomplishments - so the teaching methods to
best reach each group need to be quite different.
Boys tend to prefer books with male protagonists that are exciting, whereas
girls usually prefer books which focus on relationships. The vast majority
of books read in elementary schools (and the way they're discussed) favor the way girls think (unsurprising considering the majority of elementary school teachers are women), which leaves
many boys concluding that reading is boring.
Girls at single-sex schools have just as many heterosexual relationships as
girls at coed schools. Teens in single-sex schools tend to date, whereas teens
in co-ed schools increasingly 'hook up' (have sexual encounters with no
emotional attachment or long-term commitment). At a single-sex school, even if
you do have a boyfriend, your social network at school is likely to be separate
from your boyfriend's group of friends. So, it's easier to say no. You have more
autonomy over your sexual decision-making. It's easier to contemplate life
without the boyfriend.
Single-sex schools break down stereotypes - girls become more competitive, boys
become more collaborative. In single-sex schools boys usually
consider it much cooler to study than they do in a co-ed environment, even if
they're 'jocks'. Girls tend to study more science related subjects in
single-sex schools, and boys tend to study more arts.
This review first ran in the March 20, 2006 issue of BookBrowse Recommends.
If you liked Why Gender Matters, try these:
Looks past the "scare" stories to those that enlighten parents and enable them to empower girls. Offers a comprehensive road map to the many emotional and physical challenges girls ages six to sixteen face in today's challenging world.
Explains what is "normal" for girls each year from birth to age 20; focusing on developmental needs; how to communicate effectively with girls; and how to cope with developmental crises.
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