How much do you think Rosalind knew or understood about the data and images that Watson and Crick used without her knowledge or permission? How does this affect her?

Watson and Crick are not the first colleagues to use Rosalind's work without her permission. Compare Wilkins's use of Rosalind's preliminary data at the Cavendish conference to Watson and Crick's acceptance of credit for discovering the structure of DNA.

How much do you think Rosalind knew or understood about the data and images that Watson and Crick used without her knowledge or permission? How does this affect her?

I don't think Rosalind knew how much of the work they had taken at first but I believe she realized it when they started to make the model. She didn't know how to call them on what they did, and that comes down to the fact that she was a woman who was not treated equally by them.

Actually, this is one aspect of the novel that I found lacking. As a reader, I wish Benedict had addressed this issue in more detail.

The data and images that Rosalind had were gained by her long hours in the lab. She toiled for weeks and months on that material. Watson and Crick used her data without her permission by breaking into or sneaking into her lab and stealing it. The data was her work, not theirs. They did not understand how she did what she did or what it revealed. They could not replicate it on their own.
It bothers her from a scientific perspective as well as a personal perspective. She wants other scientists to learn and admire what she has done for the scientific world. She also takes pride in her work and gives credit where credit is due.

I think it took her a while to figure out her work had been stolen. I too wish the author had developed this aspect a bit more

I’m not sure whether you’re asking whether she understood that her data was being appropriated or whether she understood what that data was telling us about the DNA structure. I don’t think she had gotten to the base pairing yet because of her methodical approach, but I have no doubt that she would have gotten there in due time. And she probably realized that it was helical. I’m sure she knew that they had stolen her data.

In my opinion, Rosalind did not fully understand the data she had obtained. I believe she started to understand the helical structure of DNA, but I think she could have validated her data if she had been a little more collaborative. It's hard to put myself in her shoes at that time; women were definitely not considered equals, but it felt like there was a constant chip on her shoulder. She was a brilliant scientist who could have taken the data further. It's sad that she had to simultaneously fight for her place in the scientific community while ascertaining who was worthy of her trust.