The Hebrew word "Satan" can be translated as "adversary," or "accuser," so in his nomenclature, he wasn't exactly set up for success. Satan, or the devil, is a figure who has origins in Abrahamic religions, well-known in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Conceptually, he has been depicted as a fallen angel, ghoulishly evil, as both an agent of and literary foil for God. Satan is so pervasive in religion and culture that it would be impossible to summarize how this character/being has altered history over time. However, it is interesting to view Satan through a postmodernist, contemporary lens. Ananda Lima's short story collection, Craft, presents the devil as a vehicle to teach a lesson, as a lover, and as a sympathizer. Here are some other titles where the devil shapeshifts into these three roles.
Perhaps the most common way this character is presented is as a vehicle to teach a lesson, but C.S. Lewis takes the cake for doing so in a way that doesn't feel stuffy. The Screwtape ...